Corneliu Zelea Codreanu (1899-1938) was a Romanian politician, best known as the founder and leader of the Iron Guard (also known as the Legion of the Archangel Michael), a far-right, ultranationalist, and antisemitic organization. His ideology and actions remain highly controversial. Born in Huși, Romania, Codreanu’s early life was marked by a fervent Romanian nationalism. He was deeply affected by the perceived injustices suffered by Romania after World War I, particularly the territorial losses and the influence of foreign powers. He became involved in student activism and political violence early on, participating in anti-communist and antisemitic movements. In 1923, Codreanu co-founded the National Christian Defense League (LANC) alongside A.C. Cuza, a prominent anti-semitic professor. However, Codreanu grew disillusioned with LANC’s perceived ineffectiveness. In 1927, he broke away and established the Legion of the Archangel Michael. The Legion, under Codreanu’s leadership, advocated for a spiritual and moral regeneration of Romania based on Orthodox Christian principles. It promoted Romanian ethnicity and culture, denouncing foreign influence and advocating for a strong, authoritarian state. Codreanu emphasized the importance of discipline, hierarchy, and self-sacrifice within the Legion. A central tenet of Codreanu’s ideology was virulent antisemitism. He blamed Jews for Romania’s economic and social problems, accusing them of being disloyal to the nation and a threat to its cultural purity. This antisemitism was deeply ingrained in the Legion’s rhetoric and propaganda, contributing to a climate of hatred and violence against Romanian Jews. The Legion engaged in acts of political violence, including assassinations and intimidation, to advance its agenda. They targeted political opponents, government officials, and individuals perceived as enemies of the Romanian nation. Codreanu believed that violence was a necessary tool to purify the nation and achieve its goals. The Iron Guard experienced periods of both growth and suppression. The Romanian government, fearing the Legion’s growing influence and violent tendencies, repeatedly banned the organization and imprisoned its leaders, including Codreanu. However, the Legion continued to operate underground, gaining support from disillusioned students, peasants, and intellectuals. In 1938, amidst a climate of political instability, King Carol II dissolved all political parties, including the Iron Guard. Codreanu was arrested and, after a brief trial, sentenced to prison. Later that year, he and several other Legion leaders were assassinated while being transported between prisons. The circumstances surrounding his death remain disputed, but it is widely believed that the government ordered the assassinations. Codreanu’s death transformed him into a martyr figure for his followers, further fueling the Legion’s radicalism and violence. The Iron Guard briefly came to power in 1940, forming a government allied with Nazi Germany, but was soon overthrown. Codreanu’s legacy continues to be debated in Romania, with some viewing him as a nationalist hero and others as a dangerous extremist. His ideology, rooted in ultranationalism, antisemitism, and political violence, remains a stark reminder of the dangers of extremism.