Brasília, the capital of Brazil, enjoys a tropical savanna climate, characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The city’s location on the Planalto Central, a high plateau, influences its temperature patterns, offering a milder tropical experience than coastal regions. Understanding Brasília’s temperature requires considering its seasonal variations and altitude.
The dry season, typically spanning from May to September, brings cooler temperatures and low humidity. During this period, average daytime temperatures hover around 25°C (77°F), dropping to around 15°C (59°F) at night. The air is noticeably drier, with humidity levels often falling below 30%, leading to increased occurrences of wildfires and respiratory issues. The lack of rainfall during these months results in a dusty landscape and contributes to the cooler nighttime temperatures due to the absence of cloud cover to trap heat.
In contrast, the wet season, stretching from October to April, brings warmer temperatures and significantly higher humidity. Daytime temperatures during this period can reach 30°C (86°F) or higher, while nighttime temperatures remain relatively warm, averaging around 20°C (68°F). The increased rainfall dramatically transforms the landscape, turning the dry vegetation lush and green. Humidity levels often soar above 70%, creating a more humid and sometimes oppressive atmosphere. The frequent afternoon thunderstorms help to cool the air temporarily, but the overall warmth and humidity persist throughout the wet season.
Brasília’s altitude, averaging around 1,100 meters (3,600 feet) above sea level, plays a crucial role in moderating temperatures. Compared to other tropical cities at lower altitudes, Brasília experiences cooler temperatures throughout the year, especially during the dry season. The higher elevation also contributes to larger temperature variations between day and night, particularly during the dry months.
Year-round, the average annual temperature in Brasília is around 22°C (72°F). However, this average masks the significant seasonal variations. While extreme temperatures are rare, occasional heat waves can push temperatures above 35°C (95°F) during the wet season, and cold snaps during the dry season can see temperatures drop below 10°C (50°F), although such occurrences are uncommon.
The “brumado,” a period of thick fog that often blankets Brasília during the dry season mornings, is another noteworthy weather phenomenon. This fog can significantly reduce visibility and affect transportation, especially during the early hours. It typically dissipates by mid-morning, giving way to clear skies and sunshine.
Overall, Brasília’s temperature presents a unique blend of tropical and highland influences, offering a distinct climate characterized by seasonal variations, moderated temperatures due to altitude, and the striking contrast between the dry and wet seasons. Visitors should be prepared for these changes and pack accordingly, considering lighter clothing for the humid wet season and warmer layers for the cooler, drier months.
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