The Persian word “یارانه” (Yaraneh) translates to “subsidy” or “cash assistance.” In Iran, “یارانه اردیبهشت” (Yaraneh Ordibehesht) specifically refers to the subsidy payment distributed in the month of Ordibehesht, which is the second month of the Iranian calendar, roughly corresponding to April/May in the Gregorian calendar.

These monthly subsidy payments are a significant part of the Iranian government’s social welfare program. The history of Yaraneh in Iran is tied to the elimination of various subsidies on essential goods like fuel, bread, and electricity. To mitigate the potential impact of these price increases on the population, particularly low-income households, the government implemented a direct cash transfer program. This direct cash transfer is the Yaraneh.

The amount of Yaraneh received varies depending on several factors, including household income and the number of family members. Over time, the government has implemented different tiers and adjusted the payment amounts based on economic conditions and budgetary constraints. The process for receiving the Yaraneh usually involves registering on a government portal and providing necessary information such as national ID number (کد ملی), bank account details, and household composition.

The impact of Yaraneh on the Iranian economy and society is a complex and widely debated topic. Proponents argue that it provides crucial financial support to vulnerable populations, helps to reduce poverty, and stimulates domestic demand. They point to the immediate positive impact of providing direct income to families who might otherwise struggle to afford basic necessities.

However, critics argue that the Yaraneh program has several drawbacks. One major concern is its impact on inflation. By injecting large sums of money into the economy, the Yaraneh can contribute to rising prices, potentially eroding its real value over time. Some economists also believe that it discourages work and creates dependency on government assistance. Furthermore, the program has been criticized for its lack of efficiency and targeting, with some arguing that it benefits wealthier individuals who don’t truly need the support.

The sustainability of the Yaraneh program has also been a recurring concern, particularly in light of Iran’s economic challenges, including international sanctions and fluctuations in oil prices. The government has repeatedly attempted to reform the program, aiming to improve targeting and reduce the overall cost. These reforms have often been met with public resistance, as the Yaraneh has become a deeply ingrained part of the social safety net for many Iranians. Changes to the amount or eligibility criteria can lead to significant public dissatisfaction and unrest.

Therefore, “یارانه اردیبهشت” is not merely a payment made in April/May, but rather a symbol of a complex social and economic policy in Iran with far-reaching consequences.