May 17th, in the Slavic folk tradition, is marked by several distinct народные приметы (narodnye primety), or folk omens. This day, often associated with the saints Pelageya and Isidore, offered insights into the weather, harvest prospects, and even personal well-being based on observations of nature and animal behavior.

Weather was a central focus of these omens. A clear and sunny day on May 17th was generally considered a favorable sign, indicating a warm and bountiful summer. Conversely, rain or gloomy weather was often interpreted as a harbinger of a colder, wetter season ahead, potentially impacting the success of the harvest. The direction of the wind was also closely observed. A north wind was believed to bring chilly conditions, while a south wind promised warmth. People might remark, “Южный ветер – к теплу, северный – к холоду” (A south wind brings warmth, a north wind brings cold).

The agricultural community relied heavily on these signs. A particularly important omen concerned the blooming of rowan trees. If the rowan bloomed profusely on or around May 17th, it was seen as an indicator of a rich oat harvest later in the year. The abundance of flowers suggested favorable conditions for pollination and subsequent fruit development, influencing the overall yield. This observation was deeply embedded in the agricultural cycle, informing decisions about planting and anticipating future needs.

Bird behavior was another source of omens. The arrival of swallows was always a welcome sight, symbolizing the return of spring and warmer weather. If swallows were seen flying high in the sky, it suggested dry weather was on the horizon. If they were flying low, skimming the ground or water, it was often interpreted as a sign of impending rain. People would say, “Ласточки низко летают – к дождю” (Swallows fly low – it will rain).

Personal well-being and relationships were also intertwined with the observations of May 17th. Some believed that dreams on this night held particular significance, offering glimpses into the future or revealing hidden anxieties. Others avoided certain activities, fearing they might bring bad luck. For example, it was sometimes considered unlucky to lend money or start new projects on this day.

In some regions, specific beliefs were tied to the names of the saints celebrated on May 17th. Pelageya, for instance, was sometimes associated with protection from evil spirits, leading to the observance of certain rituals to ward off negativity. Isidore, on the other hand, was often invoked for good fortune in agriculture and trade. Prayers might be offered to these saints, seeking blessings for a successful harvest or profitable business ventures.

While these народные приметы may seem like quaint superstitions today, they represent a deep connection to the natural world and a profound understanding of the rhythms of the seasons. They were born from centuries of observation and experience, passed down through generations as a way to navigate the uncertainties of life and find meaning in the everyday occurrences of the environment.